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使用容器进行嵌入式开发

使用容器进行嵌入式开发

kinntaku kinntaku
December 12, 2025
2 min read
Arch 嵌入式

配置 Distrobox 和 Podman环境

安装相关软件

Terminal window
sudo pacman -S xorg-xhost lazydocker podman distrobox

设置环境变量

编辑

Terminal window
vim ~/.zshrc

添加

Terminal window
PATH=$PATH:$HOME/.local/podman/bin:$HOME/.local/bin
xhost +si:localuser:$USER
export DOCKER_HOST=unix:///run/user/1000/podman/podman.sock
alias docker='podman'

启用相关服务和配置

Terminal window
sudo nvidia-ctk cdi generate --output=/etc/cdi/nvidia.yaml
sudo nvidia-ctk runtime config  ure --runtime=docker
sudo systemctl restart docker
systemctl --user enable --now podman.socket

创建用于嵌入式开发的 debian 容器

Terminal window
distrobox create --name debian13 --image docker.io/library/debian:trixie-slim --home /home/kinntaku/Documents/distrobox/debian13_home
# 可选择自己喜欢的名字
# 注意指定 home 目录，避免和其他容器冲突

插入你的烧录器, 这里以 ST-Link V2 为例

应用烧录器规则

从 openocd 仓库的 contrb 文件夹下载 xx-openocd.rules 文件

将其复制到 /etc/udev/rules.d 目录下

应用新规则

Terminal window
sudo udevadm control --reload-rules
sudo udevadm trigger

测试烧录器

进入容器

Terminal window
distrobox enter debian13

软件安装

Terminal window
sudo apt install build-essential curl wget make cmake binutils-arm-none-eabi gcc-arm-none-eabi libstdc++-arm-none-eabi-newlib gdb-multiarch openocd usbutils
名称用处
build-essential curl wget make cmake构建工具
binutils-arm-none-eabi gcc-arm-none-eabi libstdc++-arm-none-eabi-newlib gdb-multiarchArm 开发工具包
openocd烧录工具

查看是否能识别烧录器

Terminal window
lsusb

查找有无类似

Terminal window
Bus 003 Device 005: ID 0483:3748 STMicroelectronics STM32 STLink

使用 openocd 连接烧录器

Terminal window
openocd -f interface/stlink.cfg -f target/stm32f1x.cfg

输出类似

Terminal window
Open On-Chip Debugger 0.12.0
Licensed under GNU GPL v2
For bug reports, read
        http://openocd.org/doc/doxygen/bugs.html
Info : auto-selecting first available session transport "hla_swd". To override use 'transport select <transport>'.
Info : The selected transport took over low-level target control. The results might differ compared to plain JTAG/SWD
Info : Listening on port 6666 for tcl connections
Info : Listening on port 4444 for telnet connections
Info : clock speed 1000 kHz
Info : STLINK V2J37S7 (API v2) VID:PID 0483:3748
Info : Target voltage: 3.292948
Info : [stm32f1x.cpu] Cortex-M3 r1p1 processor detected
Info : [stm32f1x.cpu] target has 6 breakpoints, 4 watchpoints
Info : starting gdb server for stm32f1x.cpu on 3333
Info : Listening on port 3333 for gdb connections

此时烧录器指示灯闪烁，表示连接成功

CubeMX 生成代码

使用 STM32CubeMX 生成代码, 项目类型选择 Cmake, SYS 中 Debug 选择 Serial Wire

配置 VSCode 进行开发

vscode 安装插件

  • Remote Development

修改 vscode 设置

"dev.containers.dockerPath": "podman",

使用 vscode 连接容器

Ctrl+Shift+P - Dev Containers: Attach to Running Container... - 选择 debian13

vscode server 安装插件

  • Hex Editor

  • C/C++ Extension Pack

  • CMake Tools

  • Cortex-Debug`

编辑 vscode 项目配置 Ctrl+Shift+P - C/C++: Edit Configurations (JSON)

编辑 .vscode/c_cpp_properties.json

{
   "configurations": [
      {
         "name": "STM32",
         "includePath": [
               "${workspaceFolder}/**"
         ],
         "defines": [
               "STM32F103xE",
               "USE_HAL_DRIVER"
         ],
         "compilerPath": "/usr/bin/arm-none-eabi-gcc",
         "cStandard": "c11",
         "cppStandard": "c++17",
         "intelliSenseMode": "gcc-arm"
      }
   ],
   "version": 4
}

注意 STM32F103xE 来自项目工程使用芯片的名称

在项目根目录创建烧录脚本 flash.cfg

source [find interface/stlink.cfg]
transport select hla_swd
source [find target/stm32f1x.cfg]
adapter speed 10000

修改 CMakeLists.txt

添加以下内容

add_custom_target(flash
    COMMAND openocd -f ${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/flash.cfg
            -c "program ${CMAKE_CURRENT_BINARY_DIR}/${PROJECT_NAME}.elf verify reset exit"
)

构建

Ctrl+Shift+P - CMake: Build

烧录

cmake --build build/Debug --target flash

PyOCD 使用教程

安装

Terminal window
python3 python3-pip python3-venv
pip3 install pyocd --break-system-packages

查看芯片列表

Terminal window
pyocd list --targets

烧录

Terminal window
pyocd flash build/Debug/xxx.elf -t stm32f103rc